Caledonia \c(a)-ledo-nia, cal(e)-donia\ as a girl's name is of Latin origin, and the meaning of Caledonia is "the Scottish highlands". Originally the name of the people conquered by the Roman general Agricola in that area around 80 AD. The word is supposedly derived from the general's name. The Caledonian Canal runs through Northern Scotland, while New Calenonia consists of a group of tiny islands in the South Pacific. Caledonia is now used as a poetic name for all of Scotland. Place name used as given name now, probably because of the feminine -ia ending. The name is used in English and Spanish.

Baby names that sound like Caledonia are Claudina, Cliodhna and Goldina. Other similar baby names are Zeledonia and Celadonia.